Desert growth in Iran is a major problem. A large part of the country is surrounded by vulnerable areas at risk of desertification, so that about 75% of the ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions of the country, face the effects and consequences of desertification. Effects such as the drying up of inland lakes, sandstorms, dust and intensification of wind erosion are a clear manifestation of the growing rate of desertification in recent years in the country. In arid and semi-arid ecosystems, there is little vegetation due to lack of moisture and other adverse climatic conditions. As a result, soils are more prone to degradation, but in some of these areas, despite the lack of soil moisture, high temperatures and other unfavorable ecological conditions, the distances between plants are often covered by a community of microscopic plants, and this Communities are known as biological soil crusts. Biological soil crusts are the association of soil mineral particles with cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, lichens, or bryophytes and are common coverings in open spaces around vascular plants in arid and semi-arid regions. Biological crusts significantly affect early ecosystem processes and have been described as ecological engineers in arid regions.

Recently, antimicrobial peptides have been introduced as potent antibiotics with a wide range of antimicrobial activities. They have also exhibited other biological activities, including antiinflammatory, growth stimulating, and anti-cancer activities. In this study, an analog of Magainin II was designed and produced as a recombinant fusion protein. The designed sequence contained 24 amino acid residues (P24), in which Lys, His, Ser residues were substituted with Arg and also, hydrophobic Phe was replaced with Trp. Recombinant production of P24 in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 using pTYB21, containing chitin binding domain and intein sequence at the N-terminus of the peptide gene, resulted in 1 μ g mL-1 product from culture. Chitin column chromatography, followed by online peptide cleavage with thiol reducing agent was applied to purify the peptide. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using five bacteria strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Designed AMP exhibited promising antimicrobial activities with low minimum inhibitory concentration, in the range of 64-256 μ g/mL. P24 showed potent antimicrobial activity preferably against Grampositive bacteria, and more potent than pexiganan as a successful Magainin II analog for topical infections. In general, further modification can be applied to improve its therapeutic index.

It was shown that several bioactive aromatic compounds with biological applications have the furan nucleus watch Numerous significant synthetic compounds include furan scaffold, which offers a helpful therapeutic idea and is found to have strong affinity for a range of receptors, assisting in the synthesis of novel, advantageous derivatives The antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant, antianxiolytic, anti-Parkinson, anti-glaucoma, muscle-relaxant, antihypertensive, diuretics, anti-ulcer, anti-aging, and anti-cancer effects of furan derivatives make them frequently utilized. Diverse furan derivatives have piqued the interest of researchers. Furan is a colourless liquid that boils almost at ambient temperature and is highly volatile and combustible. Electron-Rich Nature: Furan rings have the ability to engage in a variety of electrical interactions with biomolecules due to their electron-rich nature. This characteristic might make it easier to attach strongly to biological targets like enzymes or receptors, which would affect how they function. Aromaticity: Furan's aromatic properties may give the compounds stability, which could improve their metabolic stability and bioavailability. Numerous natural compounds and pharmaceutical molecules are known to depend heavily on aromatic systems for their bioactivity.Functional Group Diversity: A wide variety of derivatives can be synthesized by simply modifying furan scaffolds with different functional groups.